{"id":9820,"date":"2023-08-18T02:12:13","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T17:12:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stechstar.com\/user\/wordpress\/?p=9820"},"modified":"2023-08-18T02:12:13","modified_gmt":"2023-08-17T17:12:13","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%97%a530%e5%88%86-%ec%9d%b8%ec%83%9d%ec%8a%b9%eb%a6%ac%ec%9d%98-%ed%95%99%ec%8a%b5%eb%b2%95-qiskit-hackathon-korea-project-%eb%85%bc%eb%ac%b8-%ec%a0%95%eb%a6%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stechstar.com\/user\/wordpress\/%e4%b8%80%e6%97%a530%e5%88%86-%ec%9d%b8%ec%83%9d%ec%8a%b9%eb%a6%ac%ec%9d%98-%ed%95%99%ec%8a%b5%eb%b2%95-qiskit-hackathon-korea-project-%eb%85%bc%eb%ac%b8-%ec%a0%95%eb%a6%ac\/","title":{"rendered":"[ \u4e00\u65e530\u5206 \uc778\uc0dd\uc2b9\ub9ac\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\ubc95] Qiskit Hackathon Korea Project \ub17c\ubb38 \uc815\ub9ac"},"content":{"rendered":"

[ \u4e00\u65e530\u5206 \uc778\uc0dd\uc2b9\ub9ac\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\ubc95] Qiskit Hackathon Korea Project \ub17c\ubb38 \uc815\ub9ac<\/h1>\n

Efficient evaluation of quantum observables using entangled measurements <\/b><\/h3>\n

npj Qunatum Information, Ikko Hamamura and Takashi Imamichi (www.nature.com\/articles\/s41534-020-0284-2<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/b>: \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \uc591\uc790\ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604\uc740 \uc591\uc790 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ) \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c  variational quantum-classical hybrid algorithm\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. Observable\ub4e4\uc744 evaluate\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 variational quantum-classical hybrid algorithm\uc744 NISQ\uc5d0\uc11c \ub3cc\ub9b4 \ub54c \uad49\uc7a5\ud788 \uc790\uc8fc \uc77c\uc5b4\ub09c\ub2e4. \ub9cc\uc57d \uc774 observable\ub4e4\uc744 \uce21\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74, \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \ub354 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ub3cc\ub9b4 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 \uc591\uc790\ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc758 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uc544\ub084 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/b> Seperable measurement\uc5d0\uc11c observable\uc744 grouping\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 \uc804\ud1b5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uc5b4 \uc654\uace0, entangled measurement\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 grouping\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc774 \uba87\uba87 \ud300\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574\uc11c \uc81c\uc548\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294, entangled measurement\uac00 observable\uc758 \uce21\uc815 \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc778\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 covariance effect\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub860\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uacfc \uc2e4\ud5d8\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c extra gate\ub4e4\uc758 depth\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc73c\ub85c entangled measurement\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\ub3c4 \uc81c\uc548\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. Entangled measurement\uac00 joint measurement\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c quantum information processing \uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc790\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub300\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Introduction<\/b><\/p>\n

\ub9ce\uc740 \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 fault-tolerant\ud55c \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc640 \uc591\uc790 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub824\uace0 tireless\ud558\uac8c \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc5d0 \uc591\uc790 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uc774 \ud070 \uad00\uc2ec\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294\ub370, \uc8fc\uc694\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub294 NISQ computer\uc758 \ub4f1\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub294 50-100\uac1c\uc758 qubit\uc744 \uac16\uace0 \uc788\uace0, quantum error correction\uc774 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c trapped ion system\uacfc superconducting system\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ud604\ub418\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \ube44\ub85d \uc544\uc9c1 qubit\uc758 \uac1c\uc218\ub3c4 \uc801\uace0 operation\uc758 \uc815\ud655\ub3c4\ub3c4 \ub0ae\uc9c0\ub9cc, \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 quantum computer\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc77c\ubc18\uc778\ub4e4\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 programming\uc774 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4. IBM\ub294 IBM Q Experience\ub97c 2016\ub144\uc5d0 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\uace0, Rigetti \ub610\ud55c Quantum Cloud Service\ub97c 2018\ub144\uc5d0 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, IonQ \ub610\ud55c 2019\ub144\uc5d0 Quantum Cloud Service\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. NISQ\uc758 Software Stack\ub3c4 \ub9ce\uc774 \ubc1c\uc804\ub410\ub294\ub370, IBM\uc758 Qiskit, Rigetti\uc758 Forest, Google\uc758 Cirq\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc5f0\uad6c\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \ud604\uc7ac NISQ\uc758 application\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub9ce\uc740\ub370, \ud2b9\ud788 quantum chemistry\uc640 optimization problem, quantum machine learning\uc774 \ub9e4\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc774\ub2e4. Finance \ubb38\uc81c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uba87 \uac00\uc9c0 \ud765\ubbf8\ub85c\uc6b4 algorithm\ub4e4\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

\uc774 \ub17c\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 VQE\uc5d0 \uc911\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uc5c8\ub294\ub370, VQE\ub294 quantum-classical hybrid algorithm\uc73c\ub85c hamiltonian\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud589\ub82c\uc758 eigenvector\uc640 eigenvalue\ub97c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud574\uc900\ub2e4. VQE\ub294 \uc591\uc790\ud654\ud559\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc5d0 \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 NISQ \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1  short-depth circuit\ub9cc \ub2e4\ub8f0 \uc218 \uc788\uace0 classical\ud55c computer\uacfc combine\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud544\uc218\uc801\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774\ub2e4. VQE\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 hybrid \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc740 full-quantum algorithm\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574\uc11c nosie\uc5d0 robust\ud558\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ucc38\uace0\ud558\uba74 \ub41c\ub2e4.  ( journals.aps.org\/rmp\/abstract\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.92.015003 <\/a> \uc5b8\uc820\uac04 \uc77d\uc5b4\uc57c\uc9c0..)<\/p>\n

VQE\ub294 quantum state &#x2223;<\/mo>&#x03C8;<\/mi>(<\/mo>&#x03B8;<\/mi>)<\/mo><\/mrow>&#x27E9;<\/mo><\/math>“>\u2223<\/span><\/span>\u03c8<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u03b8<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u27e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2223\ufffd(\ufffd)\u27e9<\/span><\/span> \uc758 parameter\uc778  &#x03B8;<\/mi><\/math>“>\u03b8<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ufffd<\/span><\/span> \ub97c \uc870\uc808\ud574\uc11c input operator\uc758 expectation value\ub97c \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud55c\ub2e4. Expectation value\ub294 &#x27E9;<\/mo>&#x03C8;<\/mi>(<\/mo>&#x03B8;<\/mi>)<\/mo>&#x2223;<\/mo>&#x03C8;<\/mi>(<\/mo>&#x03B8;<\/mi>)<\/mo>&#x27E9;<\/mo><\/math>“>\u27e9<\/span><\/span>\u03c8<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u03b8<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u2223<\/span><\/span>\u03c8<\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u03b8<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u27e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u27e9\ufffd(\ufffd)\u2223\ufffd(\ufffd)\u27e9<\/span><\/span> \ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\ub370, \uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c A\ub294 \uc8fc\ub85c fermionic Hamiltonian\uc744 quibit Hamiltonian\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\uafbc \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. Qubit Hamiltonian\uc740 Pauli Operator\uc640 Identity Operator\uc758 tensor product\uc758 linear combination\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc218\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0b4\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\ub2e4. A<\/mi>=<\/mo>&#x2211;<\/mo>i<\/mi>=<\/mo>1<\/mn><\/mrow>N<\/mi><\/mrow><\/munderover>a<\/mi>i<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub>P<\/mi>i<\/mi><\/mrow><\/msub><\/math>“>A<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>\u2211<\/span><\/span><\/span>N<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span>=<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>P<\/span><\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\ufffd=\u2211\ufffd=1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\ucd9c\ucc98] https:\/\/oilbeen.tistory.com\/25?category=824686<\/p>\n

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[ \u4e00\u65e530\u5206 \uc778\uc0dd\uc2b9\ub9ac\uc758 \ud559\uc2b5\ubc95] Qiskit Hackathon Korea Project \ub17c\ubb38 \uc815\ub9ac Efficient evaluation of quantum observables using entangled measurements  npj Qunatum Information, Ikko Hamamura and Takashi Imamichi (www.nature.com\/articles\/s41534-020-0284-2) Abstract: \ud074\ub77c\uc6b0\ub4dc \uc591\uc790\ucef4\ud4e8\ud305\uc758 \ucd9c\ud604\uc740 \uc591\uc790 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc774 \ube60\ub974\uac8c \ubc1c\uc804\ud558\ub294\ub370 \uae30\uc5ec\ud558\uc600\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc774 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 noisy intermediate-scale quantum(NISQ) \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\ud589 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c  variational quantum-classical hybrid algorithm\ub4e4\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4. Observable\ub4e4\uc744 evaluate\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc740 variational […]<\/p>\n

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